Once active thrombosis has developed, larger amounts of heparin can inhibit further coagulation by inactivating thrombin and preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Small amounts of heparin in combination with antithrombin III, a heparin cofactor,) can inhibit thrombosis by inactivating Factor Xa and thrombin. Heparin inhibits reactions that lead to the clotting of blood and the formation of fibrin clots both in vitro and in vivo. Heparin is a well-known and commonly used anticoagulant which has antithrombotic properties. Heparin is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, and other cells of vertebrates. The molecular weight ranges from 3000 to 30,000 daltons. Unfractionated heparin is a highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. Type Small Molecule Groups Approved, Investigational Synonyms Furthermore, the effects of UH can typically be reversed by using protamine sulfate. Unfractionated heparin is more specific than LMWH for thrombin. UH is different from low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in the following ways: the average molecular weight of LMWH is about 4.5 kDa whereas it is 15 kDa for UH UH requires continuous infusions activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT) monitoring is required when using UH and UH has a higher risk of bleeding and higher risk of osteoporosis in long term use. It binds reversibly to antithrombin III (ATIII) and greatly accelerates the rate at which ATIII inactivates coagulation enzymes thrombin (factor IIa) and factor Xa. It is a naturally occurring anticoagulant released from mast cells. Unfractionated heparin (UH) is a heterogenous preparation of anionic, sulfated glycosaminoglycan polymers with weights ranging from 3000 to 30,000 Da. Heparin Leo Generic Name Heparin DrugBank Accession Number DB01109 Background
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